International Journal of Maritime Crime & Security Volume 02 Issue 02 (September 2022) Issue citation and reference package ======================================================================== 1. Editorial Authors: Professor Chris Bellamy Published: 06 Nov 2022 Article URL: https://ijmcs.co.uk/details&cid=33 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. ‘Inhospitable Sea’ The Black Sea and the role of the Russian Navy in the Russia-Ukraine War to mid-September 2022 Authors: Professor Chris Bellamy Published: 06 Nov 2022 Article URL: https://ijmcs.co.uk/details&cid=34 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Maritime Security in the Real World: A Master Mariner's Perspective Authors: Constantine Stathakis Published: 07 Nov 2022 Article URL: https://ijmcs.co.uk/details&cid=35 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Evaluation of the maritime security threats and issues to the future of the shipping industry – Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships Authors: Tin Long Cheung Published: 07 Nov 2022 Article URL: https://ijmcs.co.uk/details&cid=36 References: Bateman, T. (2013, Oct 16). Police warning after drug traffickers’ cyber-attacks. BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24539417 Best Management Practices to Deter Piracy and Enhance Maritime Security in the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Indian Ocean, and Arabian Sea. (2018). Version 5. Dryad Global. (2021). Stowaways. https://dg.dryadglobal.com/stowaways Elegant, S. (2004, Aug 23). The Return of Abu Sayyaf. Time. https://web.archive.org/web/20071111084619/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,686107,00.html Foster, P. (2013, Apr 23). “Bogus” AP tweet about explosion at the White House wipes billions off US markets. The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/10013768/Bogus-AP-tweet-about-explosion-at-the-White-House-wipes-billions-off-US-markets.html Gardner, F. (2020, Oct 26). Tanker Stowaways: Seven Men Arrested Over Ship’s ‘Hijacking’. BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-54687379 Goward, D. (2017, Jul 11). MASS GPS Spoofing Attack in Black Sea. The Maritime Executive. https://www.maritime-executive.com/editorials/mass-gps-spoofing-attack-in-black-sea International Maritime Organisation. (2006). Revised guidelines for the prevention and suppression of the smuggling of drugs, psychotropic substances and precursor chemicals on ships engaged in international maritime traffic. RES MSC. 228(82). International Maritime Organisation. (2014). The Guidelines regarding the Verified Gross Mass of a Container Carrying Cargo. MSC. 1/Circ. 1475. International Maritime Organisation. (2021). Outcome of the Regulatory Scoping Exercise for the use of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships. MSC.1/Circ. 1638. International Ships and Port Facility Security Code. (2003). Jalonen, R., Tuominen, R. and Wahlström, M. (2017). Safety of Unmanned Ships: Safe Shipping with Autonomous and Remote-Controlled Ships. Science + Technology, 5/2017. Kavallieratos, G., Katsikas, S. and Gkioulos, V. (2019). Cyber-attacks Against the Autonomous Ship. Computer security, p.20-36.  Kavallieratos, G., Katsikas, S. and Gkioulos, V. (2020). Modelling Shipping 4.0: A Reference Architecture for the Cyber-Enabled Ship. Intelligent Information and Database Systems, p.202-217.  Liput, A. L. (1985). An Analysis of the Achille Lauro Affair: Towards an Effective and Legal Method of Bringing International Terrorists to Justice. Fordham International Law Journal, 9(2), 5. Miller, G. (2021, Apr 5). How shipping giant MSC reacted to billion-dollar cocaine bust. American Shipper. https://www.freightwaves.com/news/how-container-giant-msc-reacted-to-billion-dollar-cocaine-bust Mirror. (2008, Nov 27). Mumbai attack: TimeLine of how the terror unfolded. https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/mumbai-attack-timeline-of-how-the-terror-362565 Mudi, M. (2011, Dec 3). Kenya: Oil Tanker Hijacked by Pirates in April Now Released. AllAfrica. https://allafrica.com/stories/201112030215.html Novet, J. (2017). Shipping company Maersk says June cyberattack could cost it up to $300 million. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/16/maersk-says-notpetya-cyberattack-could-cost-300-million.html   Olimpio, M. (2018, Sep 27). Remote Controlled Terror: Houthi Suicide Boats. European Eye on Radicalization. https://eeradicalization.com/remote controlled-terror-houthi-suicide-boats/ O’ Neill, D. (2021, Sep 3). Latest cyber-attacks shut down South African ports. Marine Professional. https://www.imarest.org/themarineprofessional/on-the-radar/6214-latest-cyber attacks-shuts-down-south-african-ports?utm_source=email&utm_medium=TMP%20Weekly&utm_campaign=06-09-2021%20 Pasternack, A. (2013). To Move Drugs, Traffickers are Hacking Shipping Containers. https://www.vice.com/en/article/bmjgk8/how-traffickers-hack-shipping-containers-to-move-drugs Satelles. (2019, Aug 7). Shipping Industry Faces GPD Disruption in Persian Gulf. https://satelles.com/shipping-industry-faces-gps-jamming-in-persian-gulf/ Schneider, P. and Winkler, M. (2013). The Robbin Hood Narrative: A Discussion of Empirical and Ethical Legitimizations of Somali Pirates. Ocean Development and International Law, 44(2), p.185. ShipInsight. (2021, Jun 25). Successful trial of automated trucks in the Port of Hamburg. https://shipinsight.com/articles/successful-trial-of-automated-trucks-in-the-port-of-hamburg/ Smith, M. (2020, May 22). Drug Trafficking on Ships. North. https://www.nepia.com/articles/drug-trafficking-on-ships/ Solum, A., Åsgård, B. L. and Urdahl, K. (2021). Ship operations at increased risk of drug smuggling. Gard. https://www.gard.no/web/updates/content/31640962/ship-operators-at-increased-risk-of-drug-smuggling Tam, K. and Jones, K. (2018). Cyber-Risk Assessment for Autonomous Ships. 2018 International Conference on Cyber Security and Protection of Digital Services (Cyber Security), p.1-8. The Guideline on Cyber Security Onboard Ships. (2020). Version 4. The Maritime Executive. (2021, June 2). Drewey: Industry will face increasing shortage of officers by 2026. https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/industry-will-face-increasing-shortage-of-officers-by-2026-says-drewry Ung, S.T. (2019). Evaluation of human error contribution to oil tanker collision using fault tree analysis and modified fuzzy Bayesian Network based CREAM. Ocean Engineering, 179, 159-172. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2020). Review of Maritime Transport. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2017). The Drug Problem and Organised Crime, Illicit Financial Flows, Corruption and Terrorism. Vinnem, J. E. and Utne, I. B. (2018). Risk from cyberattacks on autonomous ships. Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World. Taylor & Francis Group. Washington State Department of Health. (2003). Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP). Fact Sheet 320-090. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. A New AI-Driven Risk Assessment Tool for Investigating Insider Theft and Associated Maritime Crimes in a Southeast Asian Energy Company—A Case Study Authors: Alex Martin; Ben Smith Published: 07 Nov 2022 Article URL: https://ijmcs.co.uk/details&cid=37 References: American Bar Association Asian Law Initiative, ABA-ALI (2007). “Legal Ethics Manual.” Scribd. Scribd, 2007. Available at: https://www.scribd.com/doc/37897865 Ambituuni, A. et al. (2015) “Risk assessment of a petroleum product pipeline in Nigeria: The realities of managing problems of theft/sabotage,” WIT Transactions on The Built Environment [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2495/safe150051. Brenner, M., Doherty, T. and Shipp, T. (1994). “Speech measures indicating workload demand.” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 65, pp. 21-26. Available at: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/199420587001 Brun, A., Trench, M. and Vermaat, T. (2018) Why oil and gas companies must act on analytics, McKinsey & Company. McKinsey & Company. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/oil-and-gas/our-insights/wh  oil-and-gas-companies-must-act-on-analytics. Brynjolfsson, E. and McAfee, A. (2017) “The Business of Artificial Intelligence,” Harvard Business Review, 24 June. Available at: https://hbr.org/2017/07/the-business-of-artificial-intelligence. Buchanan, B. (2005) “A (Very) Brief History of Artificial Intelligence.” AI Magazine. 26(4), pp. 53-60.  Available at: https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1848 Ching, M., Fabito, B. and Celis, N. (2018) “Data Privacy Act of 2012: A case study.” Advanced Science Letters, 24(10), pp.  7042–7046. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327281053_Data_Privacy_Act_of_2012 Chui, M. and Manyika, J. (2018) The real-world potential and limitations of Artificial Intelligence, McKinsey & Company. McKinsey & Company. Podcast. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/artificial intelligence/the-real-world-potential-and-limitations-of-artificial-intelligence. Cohen, J. (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates. Collett, P. (2004) Book of tells. TRANSWORLD PUBLISHERS LTD. Cowen, A. et al. (2019) “Mapping 24 emotions conveyed by brief human vocalization.,” American Psychologist, 74(6), pp. 698–712. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000399. Dadpay, A. (2020) “An analysis of fuel smuggling in the Middle East as a single multinational market,” Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 20(4), pp. 643–656. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10842-020-00340-6. Dalby, C. (2014) 5 industries worried about Peak oil, OilPrice.com. Available at: https://oilprice.com/Energy/Crude Oil/5-Industries-Worried-About-Peak-Oil.html. Daugherty, A. (2014) Rising oil theft in Mexico points to collusion with foreign businesses, InSight Crime. Available at: https://insightcrime.org/news/brief/rising-oil-theft-points-to-criminal-collusion-with-foreign-businesses/. Dedovic, K. et al. (2009) “Neural correlates of processing stressful information: An event-related fmri study,” Brain Research, 1293, pp. 49–60. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.044. Desjardins, J., Grandi, W.B.T.D. and Article & Editing Katie Jones (2017) Crude awakening: The global black market for oil, Visual Capitalist. Available at: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/global-black-market-fuel-theft/. Desjardins, J. (2017) Fuel theft is a big problem, Business Insider. Business Insider. Available at:https://www.businessinsider.com/fuel-theft-is-a-big-problem-2017-5. Desjardins, J., Grandi, W.B.T.D. and Article & Editing Katie Jones (2016) The oil market is bigger than all metal markets combined, Visual Capitalist. Available at: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/size-oil-market/. EPA. Environmental Protection Agency (2021) Types of Refined Petroleum Products. EPA. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/emergency-response/types-refined-petroleum-products. Ernst and Young (2014) Managing Bribery and Corruption Risks in the Oil and Gas Industry, EY. Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-Managing-briberyand-corruption-risk-in-the-oil-and-gas-industry/$FILE/EY-Managing-bribery-and-corruption-risk-in-the-oil-and-gas-industry.pdf Ernst and Young (2018) Integrity in the Spotlight - the Future of Compliance 15th Global Fraud Survey. ReadkonG.com. Available at: https://www.readkong.com/page/integrity-in-the-spotlight-the-future-of-compliance-4216989 Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on offshore oil and Gas (2019). Available at: https://www.offshore technology.com/analysis/application-of-artificial-intelligence-in-oil-and-gas-industry/. Farrow, T. et al. (2013) “Neural correlates of the behavioral-autonomic interaction response to potentially  threatening stimuli,” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6(34), pp. 1-17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00349. Fiedler, K., Kutzner, F. and Krueger, J. (2012) “The long way from α-error control to validity proper,” Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6), pp. 661–669. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612462587. Frequently asked questions (FAQs) - U.S. energy information administration (EIA) (2021) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Available at: https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=33&%3Bt=6. Gius, D. et al. (2018) Value and Resilience through Better Risk Management,” McKinsey & Company. McKinsey & Company. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com.br/capabilities/risk-and-resilience/our-insights/value and-resilience-through-better-risk-management. Gordon, A. (2017) Father and son in scam to Syphon off £1m Hydrocarbon Fuel, Daily Mail Online. Associated Newspapers.Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4600722/amp/Father-son-scam-syphon-1m  hydrocarbon-fuel.html. Gordts, E. (2014) How ISIS is using oil to fund its Terror, HuffPost. HuffPost. Available at: https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-oil_n_5877008. Greenleaf, G. (2014) Asian data privacy laws-trajectories, lessons, and optimism, OUP Academic. Oxford University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199679669.003.0020. Hadjicostis, M. et al. (2020) Cyprus blasts 'pirate state' Turkey's new gas drilling bid, The Times of Israel. Available at: https://www.timesofisrael.com/cyprus-blasts-pirate-state-turkeys-new-gas-drilling-bid/. Hansen, J.. and Patil, S. (2007) “Speech under stress: Analysis, Modeling and Recognition,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 108–137. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74200-5_6. Hardoon, D. and Heinrich, F. (2011) Bribe payers index 2011 - publications, Transparency.org. Available at:   https://www.transparency.org/en/publications/bribe-payers-index-2011. Hoadley, D. and Sayler, K. (2020) Artificial Intelligence and National Security, CRS Report R45178. 2020. Available at: https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45178/5 Hubculture (2018) Hub culture Davos 2018 - Rita Singh, Research Faculty at Carnegie Mellon University, YouTube. YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvGP8I5UhHk. Hughes, C. (2017) The ellipsis manual: Analysis and engineering of human behavior. Virginia Beach, VA: Evergreen Press. Jones, N. and Sullivan, J. (2019) “Huachicoleros: Criminal cartels, fuel theft, and violence in Mexico,” Journal of Strategic Security, 12(4), pp. 1–24. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.12.4.1742. Junoh, A.K. et al. (2013) “Crime detection with DCT and artificial intelligent approach,” Advanced Materials Research, 816-817, pp. 610–615. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.610. Kaminski, P. and Schonert, J. (2017) The neglected art of risk detection, McKinsey & Company. McKinsey & Company.  Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/risk-and-resilience/our-insights/the-neglectedart-of-risk-detection. Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. and Wilkinson, B. (2011). “6.1.2 False Positive and False Negatives in Risk Assessments.” 6 Best Practice and Avoiding Errors | ROH V4.36. Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources. Available at: http://www.nomsintranet.org.uk/roh/roh/6-best_practice/06_01_02.htm Khartukov, E. (2021) Oil theft: A frightening international perspective – Oilman Magazine. Available at:  https://oilmanmagazine.com/article/oil-theft-a-frightening-international-perspective/ Khuwaja, K.et al. (2018) “Automatic fuel tank monitoring, tracking and Theft Detection System,” ANNALS OF THE ORADEA UNIVERSITY. Fascicle of Management and Technological Engineering., Available at: https://doi.org/10.15660/auofmte.2018-1.3333. Knight, W. (2020) Ai is all the rage. so why aren't more businesses using it?, Wired. Conde Nast. Available at: https://www.wired.com/story/ai-why-not-more-businesses-use/. Laukka, P. et al. (2008) “In a nervous voice: Acoustic analysis and perception of anxiety in social phobics’ speech,” Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 32(4), pp. 195–214. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-008-0055-9. Lepcha N., Sherpa, T. and Tamang, J. (2015). “GSM Based Fuel Theft Detector Using Microcontroller.”  International Journal of Advance Electrical and Electronics Engineering 4(3), pp. 7-12. ISSN: 2278-8948. MacNamee, G. (2015) Fuel smuggling: Thugs taking courses on how to remove dye from Diesel, Irish Mirror. Available at: https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/crime/fuel-smuggling-thugs-taking-courses-5599589. Martin, A., Zaal, J., Azevedo, M., and Dutra, C. (2021). A Novel Decision Support Risk Assessment Tool for Investigating Internal Theft in a Gaming Establishment: A Case Study. International Journal of Gaming Hospitality and Tourism. 1(1), pp. 1-20. Available at: https://ojs.stockton.edu/index.php/light/article/view/20/3 Mendoza, E. and Carballo, G. (1998) “Acoustic analysis of induced vocal stressby means of cognitive workload tasks,”  Journal of Voice, 12(3), pp. 263–273. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0892-1997(98)80017-9. Meyer, M., Roodt, G. and Robbins, M. (2011) “Human Resources Risk Management: Governing people risks for improved performance,” SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 9(1), pp 1-12. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v9i1.366. Mooring lines sample clauses (2021) Law Insider. Available at: https://www.lawinsider.com/clause/mooring-lines. Muehlhan, M. et al. (2013) “Enhanced sympathetic arousal in response to fmri scanning correlates with task induced activations and deactivations,” PLoS ONE, 8(8), pp. 1–11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072576. Murphy, K., Myors, B., and Wolach, A. (2014) Statistical Power Analysis: A simple and general model for traditional and   modern hypothesis tests. London, England: Routledge. Navarro, J. and Karlins, M. (2015) What every body is saying: An ex-FBI agent's Guide to Speed-reading people. New York,NY: Harper Collins. NI Business Info (2020) Risks and limitations of artificial intelligence in business. Available at: https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/risks-and-limitations-artificial-intelligence-business. Nierenberg, G., Calero, H. and Grayson, G. (2010) How to read a person like a book: Observing body language to know what people are thinking. Garden City Park, NY: Square One Publishers. Nazarova, A. (2019) Dark world of oil theft and fraud, Fraud Magazine. Available at: https://www.fraud magazine.com/article.aspx?id=4295006268. Noyan, B. (2021) Global 500 2016, Fortune. Fortune. Available at: https://fortune.com/global500/2016/. Olchondra, R. (2014) With oil smuggled in, gov't waves tax revenues goodbye, INQUIRER.net. Available at:https://business.inquirer.net/165510/with-oil-smuggled-in-govt-waves-tax-revenues-goodbye. Osborne, J. (2020) Can fuel theft be stopped once and for all? Houston Chronicle. Houston Chronicle. Available at:  https://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/energy/article/Can-fuel-theft-be-stopped-once-and-for-all15277830.php. Quest, L. et al. (2018) The risks and benefits of using AI to detect crime, Harvard Business Review. Available at: https://hbr.org/2018/08/the-risks-and-benefits-of-using-ai-to-detect-crime. Ralby, I. (2020) Downstream oil theft, Atlantic Council. Available at: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/global energy-center/downstream-oil-theft/. Rigano, C. (2018) Using artificial intelligence to address criminal justice needs, National Institute of Justice. Available at: https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/using-artificial-intelligence-address-criminal-justice-needs. Robson, C. and McCartan, K. (2016) Real World Research. Chichester: Wiley. Scherer, K. (2003) “Vocal Communication of Emotion: A review of research paradigms,” Speech Communication, 40(12), pp. 227–256. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(02)00084-5. Sharik, N., Chaitanya, D. and Shankar, L. (2019) “Fuel Level Monitoring & Alert System using IOT,” International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8(652), pp. 525–527. Available at:https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f1153.0886s219. Simon-Thomas, E. et al. (2009) “The voice conveys specific emotions: Evidence from vocal burst displays.,” Emotion, 9(6), pp. 838–846. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017810. Singh, R. (2019) Profiling humans from their voice. Singapore: Springer. Snežana, B. (2001). "The declaration of Helsinki: The cornerstone of research ethics". Archives of Oncology. 9(3): pp. 179–184. Available at: http://www.onk.ns.ac.rs/Archive/Vol9/PDFVol9/V9n3p179.pdf Sondhi, S. et al. (2015) “Vocal indicators of emotional stress,” International Journal of Computer Applications, 122(15), pp. 38–43. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5120/21780-5056. Soud, D. (2020) Downstream oil theft: Countermeasures and good practices, Atlantic Council. Available at:  https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/downstream-oil-theft-countermeasures and-good-practices/. Suchotzki, K. et al. (2017) “Lying takes time: A meta-analysis on reaction time measures of deception.,” Psychological Bulletin, 143(4), pp. 428–453. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000087. Terzian, R. et al. (2020) “CCPD: A reactive information system to prevent fuel theft in oil pipelines,” Rio Oil and Gas Expo and Conference, 20(2020), pp. 433–434. Available at: https://doi.org/10.48072/2525-7579.rog.2020.433. Throckmorton, C. et al. (2015) “Financial fraud detection using vocal, linguistic and financial cues,” Decision Support Systems, 74, pp. 78–87. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2015.04.006. Tselyutina, T., and Vlasova, T. (2019). “Development of the Personnel Risks Assessment and Supply Chain Strategy as a Basis of the Risk Management System of Modern Organizations.” International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(5), pp. 1030-1038. ISSN: 2050-7399. Van Puyvelde, M. et al. (2018) “Voice stress analysis: A new framework for voice and effort in human performance,” Frontiers in Psychology, 9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01994. Verschuere, B. et al. (2018) “Taxing the brain to uncover lying? meta-analyzing the effect of imposing cognitive load on the reaction-time costs of lying.” Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/uqvkt. Wang, Z. et al. (2020) “The development trend of internal combustion engine,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1626(1), pp. 1–5. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1626/1/012139. Williams, C. and Stevens, K. (1972) “Emotions and speech: Some acoustical correlates,” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 52(4B), pp. 1238–1250. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1913238. World Economic Forum (2018) Pinpointing people and places through Advanced Audio Analysis | Rita Singh, YouTube.  YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HjcQjwKBWM. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Piracy and the Privatisation of Maritime Security: Vessel Protection Policies Compared Authors: Eugenio Cusumano and Stefano Ruzza Published: 07 Nov 2022 Article URL: https://ijmcs.co.uk/details&cid=38 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. “Maritime Security and the Law of the Sea: Help or Hindrance?” Authors: Malcolm D. Evans and Sofia Galani Published: 07 Nov 2022 Article URL: https://ijmcs.co.uk/details&cid=39 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. South China Sea Developments and Implications for Freedom of Navigation Authors: Arabinda Acharya and Antara Desai Published: 07 Nov 2022 Article URL: https://ijmcs.co.uk/details&cid=40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Maritime crime and security resources online Authors: Peter Cook Published: 07 Nov 2022 Article URL: https://ijmcs.co.uk/details&cid=41 ------------------------------------------------------------------------